A plum appeared in Russia back in the 17th century and quickly became widespread not only in the southern regions, but also in mid-latitudes. The first plums did not differ in frost resistance and were often damaged by diseases.
Already at the end of the 19th century Breeding work has begun to be carried out to develop new resistant varieties.
Such work is underway today. In the middle of the 20th century. was obtained fairly common and popular among gardeners variety of plums Memory Timiryazev. What is its feature and how it is suitable for growing on its own plot.
Description of the plum “Memory of Timiryazev”
Memory of Timiryazev - treelike plum variety, small in size, about 3 m high. The crown of the tree is not very thick, round, medium leafy, slightly wilted. Shoots pubescent, light brown.
Buds are small, not pressed to escape. The leaves are large, light green. The upper side of the sheet is smooth, and the bottom - pubescent. Along the edges of the sheet are rare small teeth. The flowers are lush, white, medium-sized, located on the annual shoots.
Berries are oval, large, weighing about 20-30 grams, a bright yellow color with a reddish blush on the sunny side and many small subcutaneous spots.
The fruits are smooth, with a slight wax coating. Side seam almost imperceptible. The pulp is dense, fine-grained, not very juicy, sweet-sour, tasty, with a faint aroma. The berries firmly hold on a thick, short stalk. The stone is small, oval, easily separated from the pulp.
A photo
Consider plum variety "Memory of Timiryazev" can be in the photo below:
Breeding history and breeding region
The variety Memory of Timiryazev was bred at the Moscow Institute of Horticulture in the middle of the last century. In the process of crossing involved the old varieties of popular selection Victoria and Skorospelka red.
Engaged in obtaining a variety of Memory Timiryazev famous breeders S.N. Satarov, V.A. Yefimov and Kh.K. Enikeev.
The variety was zoned in 1959 in the Central and Middle Volga regions of Russia. Over time, the Memory of Timiryazev spread throughout most of the USSR. Today it can often be found in industrial and private gardens of Belarus, the Baltic States, Moldova and Ukraine.
Characteristics of a variety
Plum Memory Timiryazev refers to the late varieties. Flowering occurs in the second or third decade of May, and harvesting can begin in late August-September. It is a variety of universal purpose, equally well suited both for processing and for fresh consumption. Differs in good transportability and rather long shelf life.
Variety Memory Timiryazev begins to bear fruit after 4-5 years after planting. It has a fairly high life expectancy, about 20-22 years. Productivity is very good, on average 15-35 kg from one tree. The variety is self-fertile, but to improve the harvest, you can plant next to such varieties as Moscow Hungarian or Skorospelka red.
High grade frost can not boast. Shoots freeze hard already at t-25-30С, but the tree recovers very quickly. The main branches and flower buds are less affected by frost. The drought resistance of the tree is average. The main diseases of the variety is practically not affected.
Planting and care
Since the Memory of Timiryazev is unstable to frost, the planting can be done only in spring, after the earth warms up well, but the buds do not start to bud. This variety is not very picky about growing conditions..
The soil should be light and fertile. The site with low groundwater flow and sandy loam or loamy, well drained soil is best suited.
The landing site must be warm, sunny and well protected from cold winds. You can plant a tree near the wall of the house or fence. It is important to observe the distance from the wall of at least 4-5 meters, and not to allow even slight shading.
The soil at the site is prepared in the fall. It is carefully digged and applied organic and mineral fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, then two weeks after digging it is lime. To increase the yield, it is desirable to plant several cross-pollinating varieties next to it. The distance between seedlings should be 2.5-3 m.
Pits are prepared in the spring, 2-3 weeks before the landing. They dig them to a depth of 50-60 cm and a width of 80-90 cm. The upper layer is cleaned of grass and roots and mixed with 10-15 kg of well-rotted manure, 250 g of double superphosphate, 0.5 kg of ash and 100 g of potassium sulphate are added. At the bottom of the prepared pit you can pour 200-300 grams of crushed eggshell, and put the prepared soil mixture on top.
In the center, a peg for garter trees must be installed. Then 2-3 buckets of water are poured into the pit, allowed to soak in and proceed to planting.
A thin layer of clean, fertile soil without fertilizers is poured into the pit from above and the seedling is carefully placed. When digging in, the ground is gradually tamped down, making sure that the root neck is 5-6 cm above the ground level. After planting, the tree is loosely tied to a peg, a high earthen rim is constructed around the hole and well watered. After this, the near-stem circle is thoroughly mulched with dry peat.
In the first summer, the seedling is watered regularly., weed and mulch the soil near the trunk. The variety Memory of Timiryazev does not have a high drought resistance, therefore it is necessary to water it abundantly and often.
In dry and hot weather, they water the tree about once every 2 weeks. For one watering use 3-4 buckets of water. The last podzimny irrigation is carried out in October.
We must remember that the tree very afraid of frost. Therefore, in the winter it should be carefully wrapped. The branches can be tied together and wound with a thick soft cloth. The same procedure is done with the barrel. On top of the fabric trunk can be tied with nylon or soft polymer mesh, to protect against rodents. When enough snow falls, they can prikopat trunk.
First feeding is carried out in early June. For this you need 3 tbsp. l urea diluted in a bucket of water and pour under the tree. At the end of June, fertilizing is repeated.
The urea solution can be replaced by azofoskoy in the same concentration. In order for the seedling to develop well, it is not bad to spray it every 10-12 days with a growth stimulator. The last root dressing is done in the fall, using phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
In the next two years, top dressing is done like this: in May only nitrogen fertilizers are used, in June - nitrophosphate, and in August - superphosphate. On one tree use 2-3 buckets of the finished solution.
With the beginning of fruiting, the tree is fed with the same fertilizers according to this scheme: the first time - before flowering, the second - at the beginning of the ripening of berries and the third - after harvesting. In addition, they regularly water, weed, loosen and mulch the soil around the trunk. Before flowering, it is imperative that the wood be treated with pests.
First pruning of trees already during planting. Choose 8-10 strongest branches from which the crown will be formed and shorten them by 1/3 of the length. The main trunk is cut a few cm above the very length of the branch. All other branches are deleted.
Subsequent pruning is carried out in the spring. Cut off the frozen shoots, shorten growths and remove excess, thickening the crown branches. In adult trees, root shoots are removed, the main trunk is shortened and the diseased or dry branches and shoots are pruned.
Variety Memory Timiryazev quite unpretentious in the care and almost never affected by the typical plum diseases. However, it often suffers from the attack of plum and spider mites. How to deal with these pests?
Diseases and pests
Plum mite infects young shoots and leaves. The appearance of this pest can be identified by small reddish growths (galls) on the bark of the shoots.
The galls left by ticks grow rapidly, and the affected shoots dry out and die.
You can fight these pests by spraying the tree after flowering with a solution of colloidal sulfur. If necessary, treatment is carried out every 10 days. All damaged branches and shoots are cut and burned.
Spider mite feeds on sap of leaves. The first signs of its appearance are small red spots on the leaves. Over time, the leaves are wrapped in thin sticky cobwebs, dry and fall.
The damage from spider mite is considerable. It affects not only the leaves, but the whole plant. If time does not begin to fight - you can lose the harvest.
To prevent this mite from appearing on the plum, it is necessary to loosen and weed the soil regularly, destroy all the fallen leaves and periodically spray the tree with a solution of soap. If the pest still appeared, then insecticidal drugs will help.
Advantages and disadvantages
Plum "Memory of Timiryazev" does not lose its popularity, despite the appearance of many new varieties.
The main advantages of this variety include:
- high yield;
- self-fertility;
- disease resistance;
- the ability to regenerate rapidly;
- excellent taste of berries;
- good transportability.
Of the minuses can only be noted:
- poor winter hardiness;
- severe damage by ticks.
With proper care and timely protective treatment, the plum “Memory of Timiryazev” variety is perfect for growing at the summer cottage.
Sort well established himself in industrial gardening. It is quite unpretentious, and not very picky about growing conditions in the middle lane.
For a more severe climate, the Memory of Timiryazev is not suitable.
