Violet Wittrock is known from ancient times. Viola and pansies are her most common names. The plant belonging to the family Fialkovyh, fills the beds of gardeners-lovers from spring to autumn leaf fall. In classical cultivation, this flower plant is an annual or biennial. However, as a perennial pansy plant can also be grown with its annual division.
Description
All violets have an extensive pedigree, including many different varieties. The viola view was derived by mixing the genotypes of Altai violets, yellow and tricolor, and several others. 
This flower grows branchy, may have a neat compact shape, but can also become half sprawling. The bush reaches a height of 15 to 30 centimeters. Its leaves have a dark green color, crenate along the edges, are arranged alternately.
Did you know? Violets are not only an aesthetic decoration, but also have a positive effect on human health. Plants clean the air, highlighting phytoncides. These substances calm the mental processes and have a beneficial effect on the human cardiovascular system.Viola flowers are large, velvet and come in a variety of colors. The size of the flowers ranges from 4 to 10 centimeters. A distinctive feature is that inside the sinuses of the petals there is a stain or strokes of various sizes.
The number of petals is five, below you can observe a nectar-bearing spur. Under it there is a hollow, well pubescent to catch the pouring out of pollen. The remaining petals look up. 
The seeds of the plant are brown, glossy, smooth and very small. Just one gram contains about a thousand seeds.
In the period of flowering, which lasts in the intervals from mid-spring to its end and in the second half of autumn, pansies bloom very abundantly and simultaneously.
Familiarize yourself with such representatives of violets as room violets, night violet, horned violet, tricolor violet.Violet Wittrock refers to cold-resistant form. She is not afraid of frosts, can live in the shade and is neutral to the length of daylight. Best of all, the plant feels at a cool temperature in the range of 10 to 15 degrees Celsius.
Important! To the duration of flowering pansies increased, the plant must be planted in a shaded place. In this case, the bloom will be at least not very thick and abundant, but long.But in the heat and in direct sunlight on very stretched viola stems very small flowers are formed.
Popular varieties
Violets are rich in an unimaginable variety of varieties. Today there are more than 15 thousand known species. Some of the most common varieties, which can most often be found on flowerbeds of amateur gardeners, require special attention.
Alpensee
Flowers in this variety have a dark purple color. In the center is an even darker spot. In its core there is a bright yellow peephole. Semi-sprawling bushes grow up to 20 centimeters in height.
Green leaves with a gray tint. The flowers are small, round, up to 6 centimeters in diameter. At the same time on the plant blooms from 12 to 18 flowers. 
Bambini
Bambini variety blooms in the spring-summer period and has the widest color spectrum. The most common petals are yellow and white. From the core to the middle of the petals there are many strips of contrasting hue. 
F1 Crystal Bowl White
This variety is a hybrid. It looks luxurious in flowerbeds: its large flowers, which are 10 centimeters in diameter, have a pure white color. In the middle, a yellow eye is tempting. The edges of the petals are velvet and wavy, like a dress. 
Delta Pure Deep Orange
The variety of this series is monochrome. It has a bright orange color without impurities, patches and spots, which is a distinctive feature of this species. This plant is unpretentious to weather conditions and compact in size. 
Firnengold
These flowers look beautiful in flowerbeds. They are bright and sunny. Their large flowers, exceeding a diameter of 6 centimeters, have a bright yellow color. In the center of the petals is a large dark spot of purple hue. 
Majestic Giant II Scherry
Bushes are relatively low, reaching only 15 centimeters in height. The diameter of the flowers is quite large and is equal to 10 centimeters. The flowering period is long - begins in spring and ends in autumn.
Flowers most often pink and purple colors, have a dark central part, sometimes have a dark rim along the edges of the petals. 
Maxim Marina
This grade is rather hardy and successfully transfers not only cold, but also heat. Begins to bloom early and boasts a rather long duration. In the color of the petals there are purple edges, a white rim around the perimeter and a dark central spot. 
Pure white
A luxurious white violet with a golden eye resembles a bride. 
Rheingold
This variety has a very bright yellow color with a large contrasting dark spot in the middle. On flowerbeds looks spectacular. 
Skyline orange
The variety has an orange color. Inside is a medium sized spot, similar to painted cilia or strokes. Orange and cheerful. 
Tangenne
The bush of this plant is small, but the flowers are large. Petals are white with an almost black spot in the middle. Looks interesting.
Did you know? The ancient Romans believed that the flowers of violets are very similar to human faces. According to legend, these plants were once people. But they often spied on the washing of Venus. For this, the gods were angry with them and ... turned into flowers! Since then, on the petals of violets sealed faces of people.Good winter hardiness allows this violet to bloom quite early and bloom for a long time.
Landing features
June and July are the time when it is necessary to sow the seeds of biennial violets in nurseries. For this it is necessary to prepare a special substrate:
- two parts of ordinary garden land;
- two parts of humus;
- two parts of peat;
- one piece of sand.
If they are treated with a growth stimulator, they will grow faster.
Seeds sown in containers must be poured over with separated water and covered with plastic film or glass on top.
20 degrees of heat is the optimum temperature for germinating the viola. 
The first shoots will appear about a couple of weeks after sowing. At this time, the glass or film is removed, and the plants are at a temperature of about 10 degrees Celsius. Watering is carried out only with warm water.
Dive seedlings according to the 6 x 6 centimeters scheme is necessary when they have two true leaves. Fertilizing begin a week after diving. To plant seedlings on a permanent place only begin with the beginning of September.
Before planting, it is advisable to prepare the soil, add compost and humus and dig up. It is best to do this in advance, ten days before planting.
Pansies should be planted fairly spacious, because they grow widely. The optimal distance between the bushes is considered to be approximately 25 cm long. 
In order to protect moisture from evaporation from the soil, to promote rapid rooting and to prevent freezing in the winter period, after planting, the ground around the plants should be mulched with a 3 cm layer consisting of humus and peat.
Important! If you want the Vittrock Violet to bloom as long as possible, it is better to sow the seeds in winter, and to plant them in the ground - from the beginning of spring. In this case, the flowering period will begin later, but will last longer.Annual blooms of violets that bloom only in summer are sown in closed ground in late winter or early spring. After flowering viola her transplanted to the constant beds. Basically it falls on the line of April and May.
Breeding
Pansies can be propagated vegetatively by grafting. For these purposes, take the green cuttings with a couple of nodes. The time for this falls in May and the first two months of summer. The beds for planting are arranged in shady areas, they need to be plentifully watered and tamped. 
Depth for planting cuttings is not more than half a centimeter. They must be located very closely and compactly. New plants require abundant moisture, spraying, you can cover the bed with wet paper.
Plumeria, zamiokulkas, kampsis, clematis, brugmansia, chrysanthemums, azalea, dragon, dieffenbachia, magnolia, royal geranium, petunia, orchid are also propagated by cuttings.High humidity should be maintained every day. Usually full rooting occurs a month after landing.
In the autumn, when the cuttings have already completely taken off the roots, they can be transplanted into flower beds or flower beds.
This method of reproduction rejuvenates the plant, because after the third year of life, it tends to grow excessively, and this has a detrimental effect on flowering. 
Care
Pansies require timely care and will not survive the desolation. They will feel good if in the spring they loosen the soil. Be sure to bed need to weed and remove sprouted weeds.
Important! To stimulate more active formation of new flowers, faded flowers must be removed.
Watering
Even a slight drying up of the soil has a bad effect on the health of the Vittrock violet. It needs regular and timely watering, but it must be moderate and not too abundant, otherwise the plant may suffer.
Top dressing
To make Viola feel good, her roots should be fertilized every ten days. To do this, suitable universal fertilizers or special fertilizers for violets. But foliar application in the form of spraying with fertilizers will be needed before the beginning of autumn. 
Diseases and pests
Violet Vittorka may be subject to various diseases. These include:
- powdery mildew;
- gray and root rot;
- variegation, rust and spotting;
- black skin.
If you do not do it in time, the infection will spread to other plants. After that, the bed must necessarily dig up.
But the pests who prefer Vittrock violet, not so much.
This is a violet pearl and a caterpillar clover scoop. Parasites usually eat the leaves of viola, and deal with it pretty quickly. 
In the fight against them will be useful various insecticidal drugs.
Alternatively, you can use tobacco infusion or a solution of Chlorofos.
Attacking pansies can slugs. They gnaw holes in the leaves and gnaw shoots. When affected by aphids, violet leaves are severely deformed. And in a drought, a spider mite may appear.
You can also fight these parasites with insecticides. If the pests are few, they can be removed manually or the plant can be washed with a soap solution.
Vittrock Violet is a beautiful plant. It can be used to aesthetically decorate any lawn. Despite the fact that the care of pansies is quite laborious, with its proper organization, viola flowers will effectively decorate your flower beds.
