We grow persimmon at home from the stone: the rules of planting and care

Persimmon - a tasty and healthy fruit ripening in the late fall. To pamper yourself with a juicy berry, it is not necessary to buy it in the store. How to grow persimmon at home, we will find out in this article.

Description

There are more than a thousand species of this plant of the Ebony family. These are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs with edible fruits. Trees are long-lived, living up to five hundred years. The persimmon has a broad, spreading crown, usually spherical. The leaves are simple, alternate, oval-shaped, juicy green.

The plant blooms in May, and bears fruit closer to November. The fruit is a bright orange color, round or in the shape of a heart, with dense skin and juicy fleshy pulp. It tastes a little bit tart, but as it ripens it acquires sweetness, and the astringent shades smooth out. Inside the berry contains about ten seeds.

Persimmon - a real storehouse of vitamins for our health. Find out the beneficial properties and contraindications of persimmon.

The plant is distributed in a warm climate: the south of Europe, the Caucasus, China, Japan, the territory of southern and North America, Australia.

The plant is not demanding on the composition of the soil, but loves sunlight and heat. For its powerful root system requires a regular flow of moisture, otherwise the lack of impact on the quality of the crop. With attentive care, an adult tree will please with a harvest - about 80 kg of solar fruits.

Did you know? From the wood of a wild variety of persimmon D.lotus in the Caucasus, they make dishes and musical instruments, use it as a building material.

Selection and preparation of seeds for planting

For cultivation in the middle latitudes, it is best to choose a variety of Caucasian persimmon: it is resistant to low temperatures and less whimsical than tropical species. The best seed supplier will be a berry fully ripe on the tree. But you can use the purchased fruits - the main thing is that they are soft, and the skin is without spots. Further sequence of actions:

1. Select the seeds from the pulp, rinse and dry them.
2. Leave the planting material in a solution of potassium permanganate for a day to disinfect it. Bones that float to the surface, immediately reject - they will not yield a crop.
3. Before stratification, one should grind off too hard edges of the bones to make them easier to “sow.” Do this with sandpaper with fine grains.
4. Treat them with growth stimulants (for example, epine, or you can use aloe juice) and place in moist gauze under the film for six weeks, on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. The air temperature here corresponds to + 4-5 ° С.

Preparation of seeds for planting

Did you know? According to one of the versions of linguistic historians, the name “persimmon” was given to fruit by Persians. The fact is that the dried flesh of a fruit growing in the Caucasus resembles the fruit of a date in taste. In Farsi, the word "Khormalu" means "date plum." Later, the word was reduced and transformed into the current name of the fruit.

Planting Rules

Sprouting seedlings begin in late winter, in the early days of spring.

The process of sprouting seedlings:

1. Prepare medium sized pots. The best soil will be a mixture of peat and sand, use vermiculite as a drainage.
2. The seed is placed on the edge, placed at a depth equal to its length - up to 2 cm.
3. Cover the bone with primer and cover the pot with foil.
4. While waiting for seedlings, regularly spray the soil surface.
5. Germination temperature - + 22 ° С. You can put the container on the window sill near the radiator.
6. During germination, condensate accumulated on the film must be removed and the plant itself ventilated to prevent rot.
7. Growing, shoots run into the film and shed the seed coat. If this does not happen, remove them yourself with tweezers.
8. In general, shoots appear within a month. The pot is placed in a sunny place, but not under direct rays.
9. For good growth, seedlings are fed with nitrogenous fertilizer, you can buy the product in the store.

Video: how to plant a persimmon stone

Important! If the stone cannot be removed, it should be steamed out: moisten with warm water and leave the bundled polyethylene bag overnight. After that, she will easily walk away.

Care and transplant

Strengthened seedlings from the common pot are transplanted into separate containers in about ten days. At the bottom of the pot put drainage, fall asleep soil. Young shoots are covered with a glass bell to prevent freezing. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly air sprouts and remove condensate.

Watering

Persimmon is a southern plant, so it needs moisture regularly, and spraying of leaves is important for it. Conduct watering at room temperature with water, it is necessary not to pour the plant, the soil should remain slightly moist. In order not to overdo it with moistening the roots and prevent the soil from drying out, use mulch, for example, fine sawdust.

Winter watering is needed no more than two times per season. To prevent the soil from drying out, spray it moderately.

Top dressing

When feeding, it is undesirable to use organic matter that is heavy for the plant (compost or humus). Gardeners recommend alternating mineral fertilizers with natural ones, such as aloe diluted in boiled water or water in which chicken eggs were cooked.

Take a closer look at all the features of the cultivation of persimmon at home and in the Crimea.

The best-suited complexes for flowering plants, enriched with minerals. Overdoing with fertilizers is not worth it, two times a month is enough, it is important to have phosphorus and potassium in the complex, which will give the tree strength for subsequent fruiting. Phosphoric fertilizers

Important to remember:

1. Top dressing is not carried out on a dry ground.
2. Fertilize seedling during the entire growing season.
3. In the winter, do not feed.

Lighting

The place for the container is chosen illuminated, but not under direct sunlight.

Young saplings are taught to light gradually: on a cloudy day they take it out to the balcony, if the weather permits. First for a couple of hours, then gradually for the whole day.

They put it on a sunny window sill if the glass is shaded with a dull film, otherwise the foliage will get burned.

Important! Given the southern origin of the culture, during the period of short daylight it is provided with artificial lighting: two hours in the morning and evening.

In winter, the persimmon pot is taken out to a room with diffused light. It is not recommended to completely exclude lighting, as the plant may wither.

Temperature

The comfortable temperature of the content is + 20-22 ° C, the mature grown-up plant feels great at +15 ° C. The main condition is the absence of drafts.

Learn how to grow medlar, grapes, murayu, plum, apricot, sweet cherry, olive tree, longan (dragon eye), calamondin, date palm and papaya (melon tree) from the bone.

In winter, the pot needs to be taken out in a cool room: a period of rest comes to the plant. Temperature not lower than +5 ° С is recommended. Pristvolny circle at this time is covered with sawdust.

Trimming and Pinching

When grown at home, the crown begins to form and thin out when the plant reaches a height of 40-50 cm. The shoot escapes to make it branch well. When the branched shoots reach a height of 20-40 cm, they are also pinched. This procedure will accelerate the flowering of culture: it usually begins in the third or fourth year of life.

When the tree reaches a height of one and a half meters, its crown is shaped into a ball, shortening the side shoots to the required length.

With further growth, the crown is thinned regularly to prevent thickening. Pruning Persimmon Crown

Graft

To achieve fruiting, persimmon must be planted. To accelerate the formation of fruit buds are vaccinated by ringing:

1. Choose a strong, healthy shoot and cut off at its base a ring of bark perpendicular to the growth of the shoot.
2. The ring is turned over and grafted into the cut place with an outer side.
3. The cut must be wrapped with a good layer of food film to avoid loss of moisture and wound infection.

After some time, the tree will increase the ring of fresh bark, which will mean the success of the operation. When the procedure slows the growth of the shoot, the plant receives a signal to the tab of the fruit bud. Usually, a persimmon planted from a stone begins to bear fruit in the seventh year. To speed up the process, it is grafted with a stem of a fruit tree.

Transfer

Persimmon forms an extensive root system, so a large pot size is extremely undesirable for it. A young tree is transplanted into a new container annually, increasing its size by three to four centimeters.

Upon reaching the plant for five years, transplantation is carried out once every two years. Transplanting persimmon into a new container. In open ground, persimmon is transplanted in the southern regions in spring, in May. The place must be protected from the wind. The hole is made in the size of 60x60 cm, the distance between several seedlings should be 1-2 meters.

In cold regions, it is recommended to grow the plant as a pot plant; it can be taken out to the garden or to the balcony during the warm season, planted on a plot in a pot so that it can be transferred to the house for the winter. Severe winter, despite the resistance to frost, persimmon can not tolerate, especially the young sapling up to five years.

Video: how to transplant a seedling

Diseases and pests

When growing a house, persimmon practically does not get sick, but excesses are possible in the open field. Of the possible diseases, the most dangerous are:

• powdery mildew;
• bacterial cancer;
• gray rot;
• root rot;
• black spot;
• scab

If you want to collect a rich crop of persimmon, read how to get rid of powdery mildew.

Mealy dew

The cause of the disease is often the increased humidity, which is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. Birds and insects can transfer fungal spores or other microorganisms from infected trees to healthy ones. Bacteria can get to a nearby healthy tree with the help of the wind. A common cause of the development of fungal diseases is a lack of light (dense crown) and an excess of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous ones.

For the prevention of diseases carry out such actions:

• timely cut;
• take out a tree to fresh air;
• provide the necessary lighting;
• monitor watering (moderate).

Also carry out preventive spraying Bordeaux mixture (1%), before and after flowering. Bordeaux fluid can be replaced by any copper-containing drug.

For the treatment of these drugs are used:

• "Topaz" and "Horus" - before flowering;
• "Fitosporin", "Actofit", "Bicol", "Impact", "Topsin" - before and after flowering.

Strongly affected shoots are best removed and burned.

A tree growing in an apartment or house environment may be affected by a shield or spider mite. You can remove the pest with folk remedies: wash the foliage with soapy water, rinse under the shower a day, trying not to wet the soil in the pot. The treatment is carried out once a week for a month.

Familiarize yourself with the features of the use and benefits of persimmon for the body of a woman.

Well helps from these and other pests "Aktara": a means diluted according to the instructions and sprayed or watered at the root. The duration is up to seven weeks, so one treatment every two months is enough to kill the parasites.

Under the conditions of open ground, insects, worms, shielding, and Mediterranean fly, mites can pick persimmons.

Insecticides are more effective for killing insects, and acaricides against ticks.

The following drugs are popular:

• "Actofit";
• "Confidor-extra";
• "Akarin".

Processing is done before bud break and after the flowering period, before the fruit appears. The treatment is carried out in warm, but not hot, weather, in the absence of wind and rain.

Growing persimmon requires patience and attention. Compliance with all the rules of agricultural technology will soon bring its results: the Ebony has beautiful flowering, and almost everyone knows about the taste and benefits of fruits.

Reviews from the Internet about the benefits of persimmon

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