Of the incredible number of species of mushrooms (more than 100,000) in our forests, mushroom pickers can meet only 700 species. Surprisingly, more than 400 of them are poisonous. And although the "quiet hunt" for mushrooms does not look as dangerous as the pursuit of tigers and rhinos, the inability to distinguish between edible and inedible species can have very serious consequences.
Dangerous properties of mushrooms
The toxins contained in the fungi act differently: some show a gastroenterotrophic effect (disorder of the digestive system), others - hepatonephrotoxic (damage to the kidneys, liver). May cause damage to the heart, nervous system. In general, poisonous mushrooms can be divided into three groups by type.: generating food poisoning, causing the breakdown of the nervous system and deadly poisonous.
Did you know? ABOUTbottom small pale toadstool can kill four people. The Emperor's wife, Claudius, poisoned her husband with a soup from a pale toadstool.
TO deadly poisonous mushrooms include those that contain:
- Phallotoxin poisons (cyclopeptides). Present in pale toadstools, toadstools, galerinas, special types of fungi, umbrellas. Unpleasant symptoms occur after 6-24 hours, less often after 48 hours. A person is tormented by vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, convulsions, frequent urine. The three-day torment is replaced by an improvement that ends in jaundice; as a result, the victim dies from a breakdown in the liver. Often beginning mushroom pickers confuse pale toadstools with russula, white toadstools - with champignons.
Read how to distinguish pale toadstool.
- Poison monomethylhydrazine. Found in lines and other gelwell family of mushrooms (for example, paddocks). Signs of poisoning occur after 6-12 hours, sometimes only after a couple of hours. Headache, colic, vomiting, dizziness, weakness last a couple of days. The liver is disturbed, jaundice occurs. Death is likely. However, the poison is easily neutralized when boiling for 15 minutes (drain the liquid, rinse, boil again - and you can eat).
Lobster Mushrooms - Poisons such as orellanin, cortinarin, grimmaline. Contained in spider web and fiber. After 3-14 days and later, there is a feeling of dry mouth, vomiting, stomach pain, and abundant urination. The work of the kidneys is terminated. Poisoning is not amenable to treatment and is fatal. Poisonous mushrooms are rarely confused with an edible group of spider webs.
- Alkaloid muscarine. It is primarily found in tattered mushrooms, such as conical ragged, brick ragged, ragged with beetroot, white ragged, red ragged, fibrous layered earthen head, as well as in representatives of a number of ryadovok (talkers). The funnels have a lower concentration: puff, lead-white, meadow, field. In a meager dose endowed with muscarine brown mushroom and panther mushroom. Literally in fifteen minutes (it happens in forty), the eyesight drops, the heartbeat quickens, shortness of breath, fever appear, the face is filled with redness, saliva and sweat exceed the norm. Refers to the deadly. The antidote is atropine. From folk remedies helps tea on the basis of herb belladonna.
- Lectins (special toxins). This substance is not destroyed by boiling. Identified in the pig slenushka. The exact time of onset of indisposition after taking the mushrooms is impossible to indicate - there are cases of manifestation in a few years. There is pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, dizziness, fever. Next is the failure of the kidneys.
Thin pig
Lobster Mushrooms
Thin pigDisrupting the nervous system include mushrooms containing:
- Poisonous koprin. Identified in dung mushrooms. Intoxication occurs only in the case of alcohol after the mushroom dishes, even after two days. Vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, redness throughout the body, feeling of fear, excessive excitement and cramps occur. After some time, all manifestations cease, but may resume with a new dose of alcohol. As a result, dung beetles are considered a cure for alcoholism.
Mushrooms dung beetles - Ibotenic acid, mycoatropin, muscimol. There are in the mushroom and mizen clean. After about 30 minutes (sometimes two hours) after ingestion of poisonous mushrooms, there is a strong arousal (reminiscent of the effect of alcohol), heartbeat and sweating increase. After two hours, the symptoms disappear. Such poisoning is not fatal.
Clean - Poison bufotenin. Found in porphyry amanita. Harmful if used excessively; in small quantities causes a psychedelic effect.
Porphyry Amanita
Mushrooms dung beetles
Clean
Porphyry AmanitaTo cause food poisoning include mushroomscontaining unidentified substances that trigger stomach and intestinal disorders. They are present in the yellow-white champignons, loaf foams, entolomas. After 30 minutes (or two hours), vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and colic occur. Fatal outcome can be avoided in most cases.
Important! It is strictly forbidden to search for mushrooms in places of dumping of industrial wastes, near railway tracks and highways, because of the peculiarity of mushrooms accumulate heavy metals. The latter produce the same poisoning as the poison contained in the mushrooms.
Poisonous mushrooms: names and photos
Poisonous mushrooms do not have a frightening look and do not have a special unpleasant odor (with the exception of the stinky Amanita). Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to take dubious, completely unfamiliar to you the gifts of the forest. To recognize them in the "face" - a reliable way to protect against poisoning.
Pig
The pig is thin.
Alder swine (harms the kidneys and changes the quality characteristics of the blood). 
Alder swine
Check out the different types of pigs.
Gall mushroom
It looks like a white mushroom, but unlike it has a black mesh on the leg and pink pores. 
Death cap
They are the most dangerous and most often eaten, therefore they surpass all other species in the number of victims. 
Amanita
Amanita red. 
Amanita panther. 
Amanita white. 
Amanita smelly. 
Amanita mushroom. 
Royal Amanita. 
Porphyry Amanita. Amanita bright yellow. 
Rowing
Rowing poisonous. 
White row. 
Familiarize yourself with such varieties of ryadovok as ryadovaya poplarina and ryadovka gray (mushrooms mushrooms).
Rowing pointed. 
Tiger rowing. 
Ryadovka spotty. 
Satanic mushroom
Mock foe
The moss is gray-yellow. 
Leg foam is long-legged. 
Mossy moss foam. 
It will be useful for you to learn how to distinguish between foam moistens from ordinary agarics, and also read whether it is possible to poison yourself with a satanic mushroom.
Champignon
Yellow mushroom. 
Flat champignon. 
Champignon motley. 
Galerina
Galerina fringed. 
Galerina marsh. 
Galerina moss 
Did you know? Mushrooms can not be attributed neither to the animal world, nor to the plant. Finding in themselves the qualities of both, they belong to a separate kingdom of organisms.
Talker
Govorushka brown yellow. 
Govorushka whitish. 
Govorushka inverted. 
Golovushka pale. 
Talking wax 
Talking face. 
Fibers
Fibers are sharp. 
Fiber Patuiar. 
Earthen fiber. 
Fibrous similar. 
Fiber fibrous. 
Fibers torn. 
Fiber onion. 
Fibers are fractured. 
Mycena
Mycene is bluish. 
Mycena is pink. 
Lines
The lines are ordinary. 
Autumn lines. 
Borovik
Boletus is beautiful. 
Borovik Le Gal. 
Boletus purple. 
Boletus pink-purple. 
Boletus pink-skinned. 
Familiarize yourself with the types of edible borovik, also learn how not to get on the false boletus.
Umbrella
Scale umbrella. 
Chestnut umbrella. 
Morgan's umbrella. 
Spider web
Spider web teddy. 
Web goat. 
Cobweb beautiful. 
Web is light ocher. 
Spider web marsh. 
Spiderweb is lazy. 
Spiderweb blood red. 
Spiderwebs pasynkovidny. 
Web peacock. 
Russula
Macra Russula. 
Lepiota
Lepiota poisonous. 
Lepiota comb. 
Lepiota serrate 
Lepiota scaly. 
Lepiota blistering. 
Lepiot Bredisson. 
Entolome
Entomum is poisonous. 
Entolomum spring. 
Entolomum collected. 
The entomoma is shield-bearing. 
Horned beautiful
Gebelom
Gebeloma mustard. 
Gebelom adhesive. 
Gebelom inaccessible. 
Gebelom olerablazhivaya. 
Omphalotus
Omphalotus oleaginous. 
Crown strostaria
Leptonia greyish
Hygrocybe conical
Scale Gomfus
Negniyuchnik smelly
First aid for mushroom poisoning
When symptoms of poisoning appear, a doctor is required immediately. Before his appearance, you must go to bed and perform the following actions:
- drink a liter and more cold water, cooled strong tea;
- empty the stomach with vomiting (to do this, you can click on the root of the tongue and cause an emetic reflex);
- in the absence of diarrhea, use a laxative (1-2 g per 1 kg of weight);
- take activated carbon tablets at the rate of 0.5-1 g per 1 kg of weight;
- apply a heating pad on the stomach and to the legs (to improve blood circulation).
Important! Preservation of fungi can cause botulism due to the presence of spore-bearing rods in the soil.
It is not always possible to wash and clean the mushrooms from microscopic particles of the earth, where the microbial toxin is preserved. Heat treatment at home is weak, so that pathogens remain. After at least 12 hours, symptoms of botulism occur. In this case, it also requires an urgent call for a doctor, and no self-treatment!
So that a peaceful walk through the forest does not turn into a disaster, take care of yourself and do not take what you are not familiar with. Our photo exhibition will help protect you from the wrong choice.
