Avocado is a small fruit that has a thick peel. His homeland is called the state of South and Central America.
Nowadays, the plant is most widely spread in America, Brazil, in South African and some European countries. In recent years, gardeners are increasingly practicing the cultivation of avocados at home.
One of the most popular varieties This plant is a variety of Hass (black avocado). For the successful cultivation of avocado Hass and obtaining a sufficiently high yield, it is necessary to create all the conditions that will be most optimal for the tree.
General description of the variety
Avocado - Tree of family of laurel. An evergreen plant has a height ranging from ten to twenty meters. At home, the height of the plant, as a rule, reaches about two meters.
Hass avocado variety is one of the best and most popular species of this plant. For the fetus is characteristic oval shape. It is small in size, and is covered with a rather thick skin that has a black color.
The flesh of the fruit has a greenish-yellow tinge. Avocado contains a huge amount of fat, so it has excellent taste. The fruit has an oily texture and a bright, rich taste.
Since flowering It takes a little more than six months until full ripening of large single-seeded berries with a rough peel.
Home care
When growing avocado Hass at home, you must choose tree locationwhich will be well illuminated by sunlight. In addition, the place must be protected from strong winds and drafts. For avocados, it is better to pick fertile soil. It is very important that the substrate is well drained.
During the fruiting period for the plant it is necessary to provide abundant watering, because at this time it is particularly in need of moisture. Also, be sure to take into account the fact that the development of avocado Hass is adversely affected by the effects of both drought and frost.
For the intensive growth of the tree you need to keep it in a lighted place. At the same time for the summer a pot of avocados is usually placed in a warm room, and during the winter period, kept in a cool room and spend a moderate watering.
In most cases, a plant such as avocado has untidy look from a decorative point of view. This results from the fact that the tree constantly loses green leaves.
One of the most common mistakes A gardener is the wrong choice of a pot - usually its height is too small and the root of a plant, which has an enormous length, turns out to be on the surface of the substrate.
Many experts advise to give preference to floor pots, the height of which will reach the height of the window sill. They can be placed next to the window.
For this variety is characteristic self-pollination ability. However, very high yields are possible only as a result of cross-pollination.
The process of landing an avocado hass is landing bones fetus in the ground. It must be placed in such a way that the wide underside is at a depth of about three centimeters.
Before planting the bone must first get rid of a thin surface shell.
Sometimes the avocado seed is germinated by the so-called open way. In this case, the bone is removed from the fetus, but it does not need to be cleaned of the shell. Along its entire circumference in the middle, it is necessary to carefully make three small holes and insert them into the match, which will serve as a support.
It is for the match that the fruit should be hung in a container of water. During the entire germination period, the water should be at the same level - under the stone. After some time, the roots begin to develop. When their length reaches a couple of centimeters, you can plant a bone in the pot.
Another option - place the bone on a damp cotton ball and moisten it regularly. Over time, the bone will fall into two separate parts. After planting in the pot will take a couple of weeks for the formation of a sprout. Indoors need to constantly maintain high humidity.
The plant is distinguished by light-loving, therefore, it is usually chosen for it a window that opens either to the east or to the south. In the cold season, indoors, it is necessary to maintain the temperature at approximately 50 ° C. Water for irrigation should only be at room temperature.
In spring and summer Avocado feeding is recommended. Fertilizers are applied to the soil once every two weeks.
If necessary, transplanting plants. As a rule, transplant avocados Every year.
To do this, you first need to prepare a fresh mixture, which will include the following components: peat, leaf earth, river sand, and humus.
It is important that the substrate is very loose, which allows air and water to penetrate well into the soil layer.
Diseases and pests
The most common and dangerous illness that avocados can suffer at home is powdery mildew.
If the plant shows signs of this disease, the leaves should be immediately treated with a special fungicide.
Avocado Hass is a very unusual vegetable fruit. It can be grown without any problems at home.
