Quite often in agriculture, a grapeless fire is grown. This is a perennial herb that is used as feed for farm animals. Also, this plant can enrich the soil with nitrogen, because it can produce it from carbon dioxide, which consumes from the air. Later in the article we will learn in more detail what the awnless bonfire is, providing its description, as well as determine how to grow it and for what purposes.
Description and photo
Bonfire bezosti has the appearance of rhizome grass, which can grow up to 1.5 m in height. The stem of this plant is smooth, has many elongated shoots and leaves. The leaves are flat, from 4 to 10 mm wide, of a dark green shade. Color under low temperature conditions slightly pales. 
Inflorescences of panicle type, up to 17–20 cm long. They consist of large ears, reaching a size of 15–30 mm. The roots of the plant are very powerful, can penetrate the soil to a depth of 2 m. Due to this feature of the root system, the perennial can tolerate almost any drought, yielding a good harvest of hay even in those areas where rainfall was minimal. Also, a fire without a bridge endures enduring long-term flooding.
The spread of the rump over the site is due to a rather powerful rhizome. It grows gradually and over time captures more and more territory. From the young roots sprout new shoots. Thanks to this form of reproduction, this culture is considered to be one of the most enduring.
Gardener should consider some properties that are inherent in this perennial grass: 
- Resistance to frost. A powerful rhizome allows the plant to calmly survive the winter, even if frost is expected to be quite strong. When the temperature becomes more favorable and the snow melts, the awnless brome pretty quickly dissolves the young shoots.
- The plant can also tolerate flooding by flood waters. Such a phenomenon does not pose a threat to the fire even in the case when the stagnation of water lasts up to two months.
- Perennial can withstand repeated mowing. This feature is extremely valuable and provides to the rump a high level of demand as a culture for food. A bonfire is able to grow for several years at the same place, while it can be mown twice in one season or more.
Did you know? Bonfire bezosti enters the family of cereals. The plant was first described by the famous botanist from Germany, Friedrich von Leisser, in 1761.
Distribution and habitat
Perennial grass fire is mainly found in Europe, as well as in Asia Minor and North Asia. Usually grows on the banks of ponds and rivers, as well as in sparse forests and meadows. Unfavorable neighbors for this plant will be some cereals, in particular, bluegrass, eastern sverbiga, and also meadow tea. A positive effect on the growth of the rump has a neighborhood with alfalfa. 
Use of fire
The bushes of the fire are quite powerful, reaching a height of the order of one meter. Due to this, the plant looks very impressive as a lawn edging. Also decorative features are in the presence of panicles-inflorescences with multi-colored scales. If you provide a plant dense planting, then look at the site it will be very beautiful and lively.
For the formation of the lawn are suitable such herbs: bluegrass, white clover, stylope mshank, shovel-bearing margin, meadow fescue, red fescue.
An equally important feature of a campfire is that it has a creeping root of a sufficiently large length. Such properties of the rhizome allow the culture to be used for soil consolidation and soil protection from washes. So it is quite advisable to use an awnless bonfire for planting artificial mounds and natural slopes. As a result of such a landing, a strong sod layer will form already next season, which cannot be destroyed even by the strongest rain showers and floods.
It is impossible not to recall the value of the bare apron as a hay and grazing plant that can produce a great harvest. Even in the most adverse areas and in conditions of excessive drought, the culture can be up to 50 centners per hectare. Green grass is also nutritious, as well as hay, because it contains extractive nitrogen-free elements up to 43-47%, more than 20% of fiber and about 20% of protein. Grass love to use animals. 
Even this perennial plant will be an excellent predecessor for all sorts of grain crops, because it can restore soil fertility. Perfectly fights weeds, as it is capable of suppressing their vital activity in the second year of their growth.
Plants are suitable for animal feed: pasture ryegrass, milk vetch, vetch, salvage, sorghum, corn, fodder beet, clover.
Features of cultivation and seeding rate
To grow a fire, you need to have information about which soil is best suited for this purpose, as well as when it is best to sow this grass.
Choice of soil and location
Immediately it should be noted that the plant is quite unpretentious. It will be best to grow in areas that are maximally illuminated by the sun. As for the soil, it should be nutritious and well drained. The best solution is to choose loamy or sandy soil, and dry peat will also be suitable.
But saline soils are not suitable for the cultivation of the rump, because there the plant will force out the wheat grass. It is equally important to pay attention to the permeability of the soil, it should be high. The proximity of groundwater also has a negative effect on perennial growth.
Important! The drought resistance of the plant is quite high, but at temperatures above 38 degrees the grass can fade. Nevertheless, the plant suffers drought much easier, compared with its relatives.
Norms and seeding scheme
Sowing the fire of the brothel recommended in early springabout the last decade of April. You can also carry out sowing in the first decade of May. It is important that the soil be sufficiently moist, so it is not worth tightening with the sowing, because after May 10 the soil can already be quite drained. The same should be said about the summer period, when the land is usually dry, unless the summer was extremely rainy. 
Sowing the rump can be done two ways: uncovered and under the cover of other plants.
If the choice falls on the second method, then the placement should be carried out next to the culture, which has a high level of moisture reserves. These include fodder millet and oats, if they will be used as hay or green mass. Both cultures should be sown at the same time or immediately after each other. The seeding rate of all plants in this case will need to be reduced by about 20-30% compared to the standard. But in the case when the fire is sown with the aim of obtaining seeds, then you need to choose only bezoprovny method.
Sowing the seedless clearing for the purpose of obtaining food, should follow the width between the rows of the order of 20-45 cm. The seeding rate per 1 ha in this case will be about 12-17 kg. It should be understood that higher productivity of the plant is achieved in wide-row sowing, so it is necessary to comply with these recommendations.
Important! There is a relationship between the level of drought, the nutritional value of the soil and the width of the row spacing. The poorer the soil and the drier the weather, the wider the distance between the rows should be.
Perennial care
Despite the overall unpretentiousness of perennials, it is necessary to bleed it on a mandatory basis and at a precise time so that the powerful rhizome does not become exhausted. 
The grass grows fast enough, but it is still recommended to use it for pasture purposes only starting from the third year after sowing. By this time, powerful turf will have time to form. If you do not adhere to this recommendation, animals will be able to damage crops, compacting the soil, and the plant will not be able to recover again.
Find out what useful properties and herbs are used and applied: immortelle, canuper, woodlouse, borage, tarragon, lemon balm, Crimean lemongrass, horsetail, goldenrod, birdworm, Zubrovka, catnip, Ivilist stalker, sage medicinal, lofant (Tibetan, aniseed) , stonecrop prominent, dodder, St. John's wort, veronica officinalis, kupena.
Also experienced farmers recommend to adhere to the following rules:
- Bleed plant need not more than three times a season. In this case, the aboveground part should have time to grow no less than 6 cm, otherwise the plant will not be able to recover.
- To carry out the bleeding in the autumn period and later it is forbidden, since photosynthesis will be deteriorated and the roots will not be able to stock up on nutrients for the winter. As a result, by the next season there will be very few young shoots and the plant carpet will be restored within a few years.
- Kostrets tolerates drought well, but at the same time does not tolerate the proximity of groundwater. It is important to remember about this feature in order to choose the right site for planting.
Today, breeders are actively working on the cultivation of new plant varieties to make it even more adapted to different types of territories and climate. As a result, this perennial will be even more widely distributed.Did you know? The life span of an awnless bonfire is on average 5-7 years. But on the floodplain area (the area that is flooded during the flood period) can grow up to 15-20 years.
Stocking
If the fire is planned to be used as a green feed, you can resort to two methods: either to graze on such pastures of animals, or to mow the green mass and bring such food to the place where the cattle is kept. It is possible to graze animals from the tillering stage to the formation of inflorescences. To finish grazing is recommended about a month before the end of the growing season perennial.
Hay
Very often use a rump for hay production. Mow the grass in this case should be at the stage of formation of inflorescences. It is during this period that the fire is rich in protein and fats, and there is less fiber in it. 
It is worth noting that the dry matter in the plant accumulates at a later time, but it is not recommended to lag behind with mowing, since the volume of fiber in the composition increases and the cell walls begin to woody. As a result, animals eat food reluctantly, and the hay in the body is digested much slower.
If we are late with mowing the grass, the yield of the second crop will be noticeably lower. The plant should be mowed at a level of about 5-7 cm from the ground, then the grass will grow more efficiently and quickly.
Seeds
The final stage in the cultivation of awnless bone is the cleaning. Determine the readiness of grass for this process can be based on the level of moisture of the seeds. Every day, moisture is reduced by about 2-2.5%.
The method of harvesting each farmer can choose at his discretion, based on the general condition of the plant, and also paying attention to the weather and the availability of the necessary equipment.
- Separate harvesting is implemented in cases when the seed herbage ripened unevenly, and the moisture content of the seeds is about 40%. Also, this method is suitable in the presence of strong clogging of the rump. This method works well in dry areas. Grass mown and fit into rolls. After they completely dry out (after 7-8 days), you need to collect them and thresh using a combine.
- It is necessary to apply direct combining at unstable weather conditions. It is necessary to keep a high cut. Such a collection should be carried out at the stage of drilling the seeds in the panicle and their moisture level in the range of 30-35%. After collecting, you must immediately resort to the preliminary cleaning of the heap and drying. It is important that no more than 3-4 hours pass between harvesting and drying the seeds.
The mass that remained after mowing and threshing can be used for feeding animals in a green form, or for drying on hay. Crop residues are harvested shortly after harvesting the seed part, no later than August 20, the cut is kept at a height of 10-12 cm from the ground. 
As you can see, the bezosti fire is distinguished by its unpretentiousness and versatility. Any farmer can grow it, and it can be used for various purposes. It is also important that the plant can grow for several years even under adverse weather conditions.
