We are accustomed to the fact that a pear is a lover of a warm climate, and in colder and climatically unstable latitudes, it is difficult to grow large, tasty and sweet fruits.
However, thanks to the work of breeders, you can easily get beautiful pears even in the Urals. The main thing is to correctly choose the right kind of climate, and it is for you, the type of tree.
Moreover, pears of this kind of varieties have many advantages.
The most famous varieties of the Urals
Sverdlovskaya Sverdselka (Talitsa)
The tree "Sverdlovsk Rapids" very quickly grows and reaches large sizes. The branches of the crown are not very rough, because of which, with a bountiful harvest, they bend under the weight of the fruit. In general, the crown is pyramid with spreading branches.
The fruits of this variety ripen quite early, around mid-August. Talitsa is the result of crossing pear varieties such as Bere Yellow and Early Summer, so its fruits are relatively small, in weight reaches a maximum rate of 110 grams.
The shape of a little resemble small apples with a smooth and rosy skin. In color, these pears are light yellow, and on the surface there are large dots that have a solidified structure.
Pulp "Talitsy" cream color, its structure has practically no stony fiber, which is inherent in many varieties of pears. Taste pears characterized as sweet and sour-honeywhich is in harmony with a strong pleasant smell emanating from the fetus. Also, the fruits of this variety are juicy.
TO merits This variety should include the early term of ripening of fruits, which occurs 78 days after flowering. It should be noted, and quite high yield varieties, which in the best years is about 39 tons per hectare.
Fruits regularly, from the age of 5-6 years. Since the variety was created specifically for the Ural region, the resistance of the variety before frost is very high. Spring frosts are also easily tolerated. At the same time, resistance to droughts and high temperatures is lower. Rarely affected by scab.
Among deficiencies Pears "Talitsy" should be called a short period of fitness for the consumption of its fruits, which is a maximum of 10 days from the moment of termination.
In addition, gardeners will have to be very attentive to the ripening of fruits, as they can fall off very intensively on their own. Sort practically not suitable for sale because possesses very low transportability.
Features grade. The distinctive features of this variety include the fact that it is self-fruitless. However, it can be pollinated by absolutely all varieties of pears. The only exception is the Ussurian pear, the flowering period of which does not coincide with the "Sverdlovsk Skorospelkoy". According to the criterion of economic purpose, it is a table and technical grade.
Bere yellow improved (Protected)
The most distinctive feature of the “Bere” pear variety is very high resistance of wood to low temperatures. It is short in shape, the crown has a rounded crown, the branches are very strong, the growth pattern of which is inclined and directed towards the top.
The variety was obtained as a result of laboratory mutation of cuttings of “Bere yellow”, which were treated with radio mutagens. On the territories of the northern regions of Russia has a special distribution, differing in yield and quality of fruits.
Matured fruit have relatively average magnitudecomposing in mass about 110 grams. The shape of the fruit "Cured" is regular ovoid with a smooth and smooth skin. The color of the main color of pears of this variety is light yellow, without cover.
Creamy pulp of pears has an average density, different juiciness and oiliness. There is no stony cellulose in the pulp of "Bere yellow improved". Tasters celebrate the great taste of these pears. Its taste range is filled with sweet and sour notes combined with a delicate aroma.
Among the advantages of the pear "Berezhenoy" should be noted that, according to experts, it is considered the best variety for planting in the northern part of Russia. After all his resistance to low temperatures is very high. Flowers also tolerate frosts easily. The tree begins to bear fruit in middle age, about 5 years.
Distinguished variety of high yield, which was aimed at its selection. The advantages include the regularity of fruiting varieties, as well as the low degree of self-shedding of ripe fruit from the tree. Fruits are subject to transportation and differ in a good trade dress.
Shelf life relatively tall, making up from three to more than four months, with timely and proper picking of ripe fruits and taking into account all necessary storage rules. A big plus to all of the above qualities, you can add the fact that the variety is not exposed to diseases and damage of various pests.
The disadvantages and disadvantages of the variety are that it requires pollination. For this you can use the pollen of many other varieties of pears. Also, the resistance of the variety to droughts and high temperature indices is low.
Features of the use of fruits: pear "Bere yellow improved" is used for dessert and table purposes, various types of technical processing.
Pear Zarechnaya (Compact)
The tree of this variety of pears has relatively small sizes, their growth is very fast. Crohn has a rounded shape, which over time and because of the abundant harvests is scattered to the side. Differs in foliage density. Pear "Zarechnaya" is the result of crossing varieties "Theme" and "Early Milevskaya."
Even if the tree is not watered, the mass of its fruits can be maximum figures of 140 grams; average fruit weight is about 115 grams. The shape of the fruit is pear-shaped, the correct form. Pear skin is thin and smooth. The color of ripe pears is golden yellow with a blurry orange blush.
The pulp is characterized by a fine-grained structure with an average density. There is no hard and stony fiber, which makes the flesh tender when consumed. The color of the flesh is creamy, the pears taste sweet, without sourness.
The advantages of the variety in the attractive appearance of ripe fruit. In the composition of pears of the variety "Zarechnaya" there is arbutin, ascorbic acid, the amount of which in 100 grams of pulp is 3.5 mg. Gardeners will appreciate the fact that the fruits are not showered from the tree.
Minus varieties in a relatively short shelf life of ripe fruit, which is about one month.
The peculiarities of this variety are the ripening time of the fruit, which is in the range from August 28 to almost mid-September. Tree begins to fructify about in 5-6 years.
It is also interesting to read about varieties of pears for the middle band
Sepyabrina (Dobryanka)
The tree of this early autumn variety has an average size, but it grows fast enough so that at the age of 4-5 years old it starts to produce a good host for the crop. The krone is very strong and slender, in type - pyramidal. The branches are strong, moving away from the trunk at an obtuse angle. The tree is characterized by an average degree of foliage crown. Also a selection variety obtained as a result of crossing number 2-39 and pears of the “Firstborn” variety.
Ripe fruits andaverage weightwhich in average is about 165 grams. The maximum value of the weight of pears "Serebryanka" is 190 grams.
Pear-shaped lemon and pear-shaped, extended in the middle. The surface of the skin is smooth, but dry, with dullness. The color of the fruit is dark green, which over time acquires a yellowish-green shade with a diffuse brownish-red color that covers a smaller part of the fruit in strips.
The pulp of ripe fruit has a yellowish tint. Its density is average, characterized by succulence and lack of stony fiber, which ensures its tenderness when eaten. Taste has a very high appreciation of tasters, by type - sweet and sour.
The advantages of the Dobryanka variety are in good transportability of fruits and their high presentation. Amenable to any pollinator varieties. Vintage annual, high.
A high resistance to winter and spring frosts has been established, which even the flowers of the tree can tolerate. Also marked resistance to scab damage and various parasites of pear trees. Mature fruits are not showered.
The disadvantages are medium shelf life ripe fruits - about 30 days.
The variety has a medium flowering time. Fruits are mainly used fresh or are processed as needed. The date of harvest "September" - 1 September.
Pear Sverdlovchanka
This autumn Ural variety of pears has a medium grown tree. The crown of the tree is rounded, by type - wide-pyramidal. The result of pollination varieties "Lukashovka" pollen varieties of the southern region of Russia. Due to its qualities, it was especially popular in the territories of the Urals region.
The ripened fruits have maximum weight up to 180 grams. The shape of the fruit is pear-shaped, elongated, and can vary to a short form. Smooth skin has a green color, which, after cutting off from the tree takes on a yellowish tint. Also, the fruits are characterized by the presence of "blush", which is formed under the influence of sunlight.
In the pulp of ripe fruit there is practically no granulation. In structure, it is oily and very juicy. The color of the pulp is white with a slight yellowish tinge. It has a great taste, which has a sweet and sour gamut with a pleasant aroma.
The advantages of the Sverdlovsk region are in its excellent dessert taste and fruit size. The fruits ripen very quickly. Fruiting trees begin at the age of 4, rapidly increasing the volume of the crop every year.
The average yield of a variety is about 200 centners per hectare. High resistance to low temperatures and various diseases. Fruits do not fall off when ripe, amenable to transportation.
The downsides to this variety are that is self-infertile. However, it can be pollinated with pollen from almost all available varieties. There is also a decrease in frost resistance when planting a tree in more northern regions.
Features of the use of fruits are very wide - from the use of raw, to technical processing, it is considered a dessert grade of pears. It should be noted that the flowering in “Sverdlovchanka” comes late, in consequence of which the ripening of the harvest is also later - around the end of September and the beginning of October.
Learning how to prepare seedlings and a place for planting pears
Choosing a place for planting a pear, you should be aware of its whimsicalness to the soil, which must be fertile. The presence in the ground of small quantities of lime and clay is also welcome. Humidity should be average.
Thanks to its long roots, the sapling can grow even on dry soil, although rare watering will be beneficial for it, especially when ovaries are formed.
Before you plant a sapling, you need to cut its branches and excess roots, leaving only the largest. It is important to note whether there is a light color on the edges, which is evidence of a healthy seedling. Whitish flows at the ends - these are the roots that do not need to be trimmed.
When preparing the pit for planting, the upper and lower layers of the earth should be scattered in different piles, and the soil at the bottom should be loosened. After that, a middle stake is driven into the bottom. Next, the top layer of earth mixed with fertilizers is poured into the pit.
After compacting the resulting mound, we plant our seedling in it, spreading the roots along its surface. It is very important that at the same time the root neck is at a distance of 5-6 centimeters above the ground surface. We fall asleep the roots of the remaining earth and tamp it down.
In the circle of seedlings it is recommended to dig a ditchwhich will serve as an irrigation system for our tree. It is necessary to pour 20 liters of water into it and cover it with peat or humus on top.
Pear care must be right
A little about fertilizer
Pear does not require much fertilizer. However, if you note that its growth is insignificant (the young tree has less than 40 cm), then it is worthwhile to fertilize the tree. It is recommended to fertilize trees from the second year in the autumn period, making additional feeding and during the summer period.
Fertilizers are brought into the trench, which we dug out while planting the seedling. For pears, phosphate-potassium and organic fertilizers (peat and humus) are recommended, which are mixed with the earth and poured into a trench.
Now about watering trees
It is best to water the pear with the help of a rain system or to pour water into a ditch dug around the trunk. The tree does not need abundant watering. Bringing water into the ground is only a few times in the spring and summer. An exception is made only in case of strong summer droughts, when the tree should be watered more often.
It is also recommended to loosen the ground after watering to ensure the supply of oxygen to the roots of the tree. The volume of water per 1 m2 of moat is 3 buckets.
Go to pruning
Experienced gardeners recommend pruning a pear in the spring, forming the right fruit tree. If we do it in the fall, we risk frosting our tree.
When trimming a branch, direct the narrower part of the pruner to it. Side shoots on the branches should be cut above the buds. Do not be afraid to prune some of the buds, as this will only benefit your tree, allowing you to grow better fruit and protect it from overloading from the abundance of the crop.
In the second year of the tree, it is recommended to trim the main conductor, shortening it by 25 centimeters. If a competitor begins to appear with him, immediately remove him from the root itself, otherwise the tree will develop very poorly and the shape of the crown will be lost.
It is important to pay much attention to care so that the tree gives a good harvest.
